We elaborate here from the "thematic synopsis of views" of the comprehensive CABLE-A TELEVAL public inquiry, based on the hypothesis of the same path, in order to provide relevant figures for a comparison.
The exercise is limited by the strong differences between two transportation modes, about opposite in their way to fit the urban area. Wherever the technologies would be implemented too differently we signal and explain why and how.
TELEVAL link (doc in French):
http://www.cable-a-televal.fr-download-bilan_de_la_concertation-CableA-Bilan-Concertation-VDEF-BasseDef.pdf
Paragraph numbering below matches that used in the inquiry report, to facilitate the reader's analysis and referring to the source document.
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"CarLina for dummies"
We travel the urban and suburban territory on-board machines. Deploying a technological choice is not neutral: it not only defines a performance but also, and by large, the surrounding infrastructures and the uses they induce.
Cities have grown around the automotive for its life-supporting services, but along with nuisances vital to eliminate. CarLina is a public transport, very different in its goal and technologies. In the comparative analysis below, the reader should keep in mind its principles, leading to stunning differences with traditional solutions.
- the goal: making obsolete to use the automotive, individual or for delivery, in urban & suburban areas, with a more efficient, cheaper, nuisance free, sustainable solution, plus providing much more services. To this respect, CarLina has before all an environmental and urbanistic goal.
- the technology: while a CarLina network can cover quite a large territory, it remains a strongly coordinated entity: a fully distributed cellular automaton. It is made of a quantity of guided autonomous vehicles, each one traveling on a pre-computed optimal 4D route. A mission is statically computed and scheduled, then executes freely in an ever free, congestion-free environment of which any "event" has been removed.
Such an arrangement (statically scheduled cellular automaton) is known for extreme resilience, availability, efficiency and robustness, far superior to the existing centralized architectures in operation today. The network exhibits very high levels of redundancy, and can withstand damages far superior than what uses to block a rail network so often.
This can be compared to the automotive traffic which runs off independent cars - but without the very low efficiency and being coordinated, efficient, cheap, clean. Or tiny ants doing wonders together.
Link : page AIDA
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3.1 'Opportunity of the project'
SEA has no divergence on the necessity to act using other solutions than that the ones used before, showing their limits in this territory suffering from an especially difficult mobility.
A more detailed analysis of CarLina (https://www.aida-sea.fr/transport-urbain) explains how the existing transports are limited in urban areas, but also how cable cars wouldn't be any different.
3.2 'An innovative mode'
CABLE-A TELEVAL
Innovative : first envisioned deployment in Paris area.
CarLina
Innovative : specifically developed to operate in urban and suburban areas, with the following criteria as an automotive replacement solution:
Territorial coverage
light and flexible mode, reaching anywhere cars do.
the highest commercial speed.
Very high capacity for people and goods
An actual replacement for the automotive
Flexible & evolutive network
bringing a real tool for regional planning, contrary to existing modes which only add rigidity (this site being paramount to this respect).
Performance
point-to-point, automatic journeys, running 24/7
Low cost
modest intrinsic cost
possible ROI through large freight services
3.3 'Opening up the territory'
CABLE-A TELEVAL
1_Available hours: 05:30 - 01:00
2_Effect of stops on capacity: strong slow down.
3_Number of stations : 5, with 3 on the course.
4_Territory directly served by walking 500m = ~1/2 km² => total 2,5km²
5_Network layout: through wide segments apart from houses: TGV line, green axis, marshalling yard.
CarLina
1_Available hours: 24/7
2_Effect of stops on capacity: none.
3_Number of stations : on such a course >20
4_Territory directly served by walking 500m = ~1/2km² =>10km²
5_Network layout: flexible along existing streets and boulevards.
3.4 'Insertion to the urban environnement '
CABLE-A TELEVAL
1_Tree cutting: possible depending on the path
2_Pylons and cables up to 50m in height
3_Required expropriations
4_Ongoing debate on inserting about 1000m² stations
5_The principle of elevated (several floors) stations was admitted.
6_Visual clutter in landscape: flying height max 40m (=> estimated pylons 50m.)
CarLina
1_Tree cutting: possible depending on the path
2_4m elevated trackways
3_Flexible enough drawing to eliminate expropriations
4_Small stations, about 50m²
5_Stations at 1st floor or on ground, PRM compliant, including freight capability.
6_3 to 4m high tracks, plus 1.8m pods
3.5 'Line drawing"
CABLE-A TELEVAL
1_Technological constraint: cable cars follow a broken line => the drawing need wide free areas to plant pylons.
Conflicting local coverage vs line path are illustrated at the Emile Combes station.
2_Financial constraint: cost reduction tend to create a more broken, segmented drawing.
3_Coverage: several local areas found no coverage upon arbitrating the cost/number of stations equation. Walking distances on the territory don't seem to be reduced.
CarLina
1_Technological constraint: CarLina tracks can follow existing streets but also cross large gaps.
Built areas unreachable to the cable car are easily accessible to CarLina.
2_avantage financier : les voies à bas coût peuvent passer au cœur des zones peuplées et actives.
3_Coverage: easy access to city centres, RER, all suburbs with no location detected as unreachable.
3.6 Operation
CABLE-A TELEVAL
1_Dimensioning/saturation/margin (in pass./h)
1.100/1.500/2.000
2_Wait time in station
20s to 4mn depending on traffic
3_Pricing
Navigo
4_Opening hours
[05:30-01:00]
5_Impact of weather
Weatherproof
6_Motoring and maintenance
Simple redundancy simple in traction
CarLina
1_Dimensioning/saturation/margin (in pass./h)
3000/50.000/30.000
2_Wait time in station
1mn
3_Pricing
Navigo
4_Opening hours
24/7
5_Impact of weather
Weatherproof.
6_Motoring and maintenance
Multiple redundancy (uninterruptible design)
3.7 Stations
CABLE-A TELEVAL
1_Stations site coverage
500 to 1200m²
2_Security service
Reglementary remote monitoring
3_operating staff
One operator in each of 5 stations
4_Maintenance staff
(not quantified)
5_Rescuing operations
Delicate, several hours
6_Intervention resources
Heavy, in débate
CarLina
1_Stations site coverage
<100m²
2_Security service
Reglementary remote monitoring
3_Personnel d'exploitation
non necessary
4_Maintenance staff
non necessary : integrated health control
5_Rescuing operations
integrated, <5mn
6_Intervention resources
integrated
3.8 Layout variants
Each solution has architectural limits (in flexibility and capacity, thus in cost) constraining a system deployment, as the CABLE-A inquiry clearly details. The more rigid a solution, the more establishing stations requires difficult and complex socio-economic arbitrations. In the CABLE-A TELEVAL case:
"Pointe du Lac"
Several possibilities hundred of meters apart, one selected: at the metro station.
"Temps durables et Emile Zola"
The location here builds consensus.
"Emile Combes"
System geometry clearly stepped over any significant local need.
"Bois Matar"
Problematic termination, too far from the RER, and remote from Villeneuve-Saint-Georges city centre (not enough room to settle the huge cable-car station in mid-town).
With CarLina, a comparatively "on ground" system, tiny and flexible, no such problems are identified. For example:
"Bois Matar" reaching the RER D station, even crossing the river, and providing a city-centre station don't seem difficult. In a CarLina drawing, Bois-Matar is one among a half-dozen within Villeneuve-Saint-Georges.
"Emile Combes" with CarLina, would be reached only of a traffic requirement basis, like the Emile Zola et Temps Durables stations are with the cable car.
"Pointe du Lac : CarLina doesn't concentrate difficultie on a single big station, but links several points of interest in small, stress-free points. Here the line or network would thrive through Créteil, in ramifications in the northern side of the marshalling station like it should be done in the southern.
Both solutions differ primarily on their granularity: a cable car with few, heavy stations whith a very limited territorial coverage, and CarLina bringing a very high capacity in a network very similar to the one buses use.
3.9 'Cabins (pods)'
CABLE-A TELEVAL
1_Capacity : 10-passengers cabins every 100m.
Line capacity 1100 passengers/h, maximum 2000
An already identified risk of rapid saturation
2_Comfort : 10 seated places, under study
3_Latency : a cabin every 23 to 28s
free place max : 4mn
CarLina
1_Capacity : five 4-seats pod every 10m/1s max
Line capacity up to 30k passengers/h max
The number of pods is adjusted to satisfy whatever line capacity and booked seat latency.
2_Comfort : 4 seated from day 1 in the design
3_Latency pod: 1mn
place: 1mn (guaranteed)
3.10 'Safety'
CABLE-A TELEVAL
To describe the rescuing process, still an ongoing work. Several hours expected for cabins a hundred feet high.
CarLina
Rescue & evacuation are built in the design. The opposite lane immediately acts as an exit. No scenario is over 5mn.
3.11 'Collecting traffic toward the new solution'
CABLE-A
1_automotive, bicycle: far apart stations create a parking issue, in ongoing discussion, inducing an additional urban congestion to be addressed.
Effect on layout: driven by the technology, the layout offers no alternatives.
2_Metro : STIF: "The cable will carry 10 persons per cabin every 23 seconds. Compared with the metro capacity, this doesn't make a significant impact on line 8". (!!!)
3_Deployment : shifting/adapting of bus lines (NB. refer to 3.5) envisioned.
Expected effect on the bus network: overloading
CarLina
1_automotive, bicycle: having many distributed stations removes the issue of parking bottlenecks.
Effect on layout: no requirement to adapt the layout (but this remains possible).
2_Metro: the CarLina is so high it could submerge a metro line, but the reservation-only booking + real-time regulation + full distribution allow to fine-control the CarLina network regional interaction.
3_Deployment: a CarLina network deploys in a manner very similar to a bus network, with the same user strategies, only of much higher service.
Expected effect on the bus network: offloading
3.12 'Calendar'
No noticeable difference.
3.13 'Project cost'
CABLE-A
1_Construction: 120M€
2_Cost/km: 27M€/km
3_Capacity : 2k passengers/h
4_Service, freight: no
5_Ramification : no
6_Extensibility : heavy, costly
CarLina
1_Construction: <10M€
2_Cost/km: 1 à 2M€/km selon spécificités du terrain.
2_Capacity: 30k passengers/h/direction
3_Service, freight: yes
4_Ramification: yes
5_Extensibility: cheap/simple
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