We elaborate here from the "thematic synopsis of views" of the comprehensive CABLE-A TELEVAL public inquiry, based on the hypothesis of the same path, in order to provide relevant figures for a comparison.

 

The exercise is limited by the strong differences between two transportation modes, about opposite in their way to fit the urban area. Wherever the technologies would be implemented too differently we signal and explain why and how.

 

TELEVAL link (doc in French):

http://www.cable-a-televal.fr-download-bilan_de_la_concertation-CableA-Bilan-Concertation-VDEF-BasseDef.pdf

 

Paragraph numbering below matches that used in the inquiry report, to facilitate the reader's analysis and referring to the source document.

 

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"CarLina for dummies"

 

   We travel the urban and suburban territory on-board machines. Deploying a technological choice is not neutral: it not only defines a performance but also, and by large, the surrounding infrastructures and the uses they induce.

   Cities have grown around the automotive for its life-supporting services, but along with nuisances vital to eliminate. CarLina is a public transport, very different in its goal and technologies. In the comparative analysis below, the reader should keep in mind its principles, leading to stunning differences with traditional solutions.

- the goal: making obsolete to use the automotive, individual or for delivery, in urban & suburban areas, with a more efficient, cheaper, nuisance free, sustainable solution, plus providing much more services. To this respect, CarLina has before all an environmental and urbanistic goal.

- the technology: while a CarLina network can cover quite a large territory, it remains a strongly coordinated entity: a fully distributed cellular automaton. It is made of a quantity of guided autonomous vehicles, each one traveling on a pre-computed optimal 4D route. A mission is statically computed and scheduled, then executes freely in an ever free, congestion-free environment of which any "event" has been removed.

Such an arrangement (statically scheduled cellular automaton) is known for extreme resilience, availability, efficiency and robustness, far superior to the existing centralized architectures in operation today. The network exhibits very high levels of redundancy, and can withstand damages far superior than what uses to block a rail network so often.

This can be compared to the automotive traffic which runs off independent cars - but without the very low efficiency and being coordinated, efficient, cheap, clean. Or tiny ants doing wonders together.

Link : page AIDA

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3.1   'Opportunity of the project'

SEA has no divergence on the necessity to act using other solutions than that the ones used before, showing their limits in this territory suffering from an especially difficult mobility.

A more detailed analysis of CarLina (https://www.aida-sea.fr/transport-urbain) explains how the existing transports are limited in urban areas, but also how cable cars wouldn't be any different.

 

3.2   'An innovative mode'

CABLE-A TELEVAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Innovative : first envisioned deployment in Paris area. 

CarLina

Innovative : specifically developed to operate in urban and suburban areas, with the following criteria as an automotive replacement solution:

Territorial coverage

light and flexible mode, reaching anywhere cars do.

the highest commercial speed.

Very high capacity for people and goods

An actual replacement for the automotive

Flexible & evolutive network

bringing  a real tool for regional planning, contrary to existing modes which only add rigidity (this site being paramount to this respect).

Performance

point-to-point, automatic journeys, running 24/7

Low cost

modest intrinsic cost

possible ROI through large freight services


 

3.3   'Opening up the territory'

CABLE-A TELEVAL

1_Available hours: 05:30 - 01:00

2_Effect of stops on capacity: strong slow down.

3_Number of stations : 5, with 3 on the course.

4_Territory directly served by walking 500m = ~1/2 km² => total 2,5km²

5_Network layout: through wide segments apart from houses: TGV line, green axis, marshalling yard.

CarLina

1_Available hours: 24/7

2_Effect of stops on capacity: none.

3_Number of stations : on such a course >20

4_Territory directly served by walking 500m = ~1/2km² =>10km² 

5_Network layout: flexible along existing streets and boulevards.


 

3.4   'Insertion to the urban environnement '

CABLE-A TELEVAL

1_Tree cutting: possible depending on the path

2_Pylons and cables up to 50m in height

3_Required expropriations

4_Ongoing debate on inserting about 1000m² stations

5_The principle of elevated (several floors) stations was admitted.

6_Visual clutter in landscape: flying height max 40m (=> estimated pylons 50m.)

CarLina

1_Tree cutting: possible depending on the path

2_4m elevated trackways

3_Flexible enough drawing to eliminate expropriations

4_Small stations, about 50m²

5_Stations at 1st floor or on ground, PRM compliant, including freight capability.

6_3 to 4m high tracks, plus 1.8m pods


 

3.5   'Line drawing"

CABLE-A TELEVAL

1_Technological constraint: cable cars follow a broken line => the drawing need wide free areas to plant pylons.

Conflicting local coverage vs line path are illustrated at the Emile Combes station.

2_Financial constraint: cost reduction tend to create a more broken, segmented drawing.

3_Coverage: several local areas found no coverage upon arbitrating the cost/number of stations equation. Walking distances on the territory don't seem to be reduced.

CarLina

1_Technological constraint: CarLina tracks can follow existing streets but also cross large gaps.

Built areas unreachable to the cable car are easily accessible to CarLina.

2_avantage financier : les voies à bas coût peuvent passer au cœur des zones peuplées et actives.

3_Coverage: easy access to city centres, RER, all suburbs with no location detected as unreachable.


 

3.6   Operation

CABLE-A TELEVAL

1_Dimensioning/saturation/margin (in pass./h)

 1.100/1.500/2.000

2_Wait time in station

 20s to 4mn depending on traffic

3_Pricing

 Navigo

4_Opening hours

 [05:30-01:00]

5_Impact of weather

 Weatherproof

6_Motoring and maintenance

 Simple redundancy simple in traction

CarLina

1_Dimensioning/saturation/margin (in pass./h)

 3000/50.000/30.000

2_Wait time in station

 1mn

3_Pricing

 Navigo

4_Opening hours

 24/7

5_Impact of weather

 Weatherproof.

6_Motoring and maintenance

 Multiple redundancy (uninterruptible design)


 

3.7   Stations

CABLE-A TELEVAL

1_Stations site coverage

 500 to 1200m²

2_Security service

 Reglementary remote monitoring

3_operating staff

 One operator in each of 5 stations

4_Maintenance staff

 (not quantified)

5_Rescuing operations

 Delicate, several hours

6_Intervention resources

Heavy, in débate

CarLina

1_Stations site coverage

 <100m²

2_Security service

 Reglementary remote monitoring

3_Personnel d'exploitation

 non necessary

4_Maintenance staff

non necessary : integrated health control

5_Rescuing operations

 integrated, <5mn

6_Intervention resources

 integrated


 

3.8   Layout variants

Each solution has architectural limits (in flexibility and capacity, thus in cost) constraining a system deployment, as the CABLE-A inquiry clearly details. The more rigid a solution, the more establishing stations requires difficult and complex socio-economic arbitrations. In the CABLE-A TELEVAL case:

"Pointe du Lac"

Several possibilities hundred of meters apart, one selected: at the metro station.

"Temps durables et Emile Zola"

The location here builds consensus.

"Emile Combes"

System geometry clearly stepped over any significant local need.

"Bois Matar"

Problematic termination, too far from the RER, and remote from Villeneuve-Saint-Georges city centre (not enough room to settle the huge cable-car station in mid-town).

 

With CarLina, a comparatively "on ground" system, tiny and flexible, no such problems are identified. For example:

"Bois Matar" reaching the RER D station, even crossing the river, and providing a city-centre station don't seem difficult. In a CarLina drawing, Bois-Matar is one among a half-dozen within Villeneuve-Saint-Georges.

"Emile Combes" with CarLina, would be reached only of a traffic requirement basis, like the Emile Zola et Temps Durables stations are with the cable car.

"Pointe du Lac : CarLina doesn't concentrate difficultie on a single big station, but links several points of interest in small, stress-free points. Here the line or network would thrive through Créteil, in ramifications in the northern side of the marshalling station like it should be done in the southern.

 

Both solutions differ primarily on their granularity: a cable car with few, heavy stations whith a very limited territorial coverage, and CarLina bringing a very high capacity in a network very similar to the one buses use.  

 

3.9   'Cabins (pods)'

CABLE-A TELEVAL

1_Capacity : 10-passengers cabins every 100m.

Line capacity 1100 passengers/h, maximum 2000

An already identified risk of rapid saturation

 

2_Comfort : 10 seated places, under study

3_Latency : a cabin every 23 to 28s

                    free place max : 4mn

CarLina

1_Capacity : five 4-seats pod every 10m/1s max

Line capacity up to 30k passengers/h max

The number of pods is adjusted to satisfy whatever line capacity and booked seat latency.

2_Comfort : 4 seated from day 1 in the design

3_Latency pod: 1mn

                    place: 1mn (guaranteed)


 

3.10   'Safety'

CABLE-A TELEVAL

To describe the rescuing process, still an ongoing work. Several hours expected for cabins a hundred feet high.

CarLina

Rescue & evacuation are built in the design. The opposite lane immediately acts as an exit. No scenario is over 5mn. 


 

3.11   'Collecting traffic toward the new solution'

CABLE-A

1_automotive, bicycle: far apart stations create a parking issue, in ongoing discussion, inducing an additional urban congestion to be addressed.

Effect on layout: driven by the technology, the layout offers no alternatives.

2_Metro : STIF: "The cable will carry 10 persons per cabin every 23 seconds. Compared with the metro capacity, this doesn't make a significant impact on line 8".        (!!!)

 

 

3_Deployment : shifting/adapting of bus lines (NB. refer to 3.5) envisioned.

Expected effect on the bus network: overloading

CarLina

1_automotive, bicycle: having many distributed stations removes the issue of parking bottlenecks.

Effect on layout: no requirement to adapt the layout (but this remains possible).

 

2_Metro: the CarLina is so high it could submerge a metro line, but the reservation-only booking + real-time regulation + full distribution allow to fine-control the CarLina network regional interaction.

 

3_Deployment: a CarLina network deploys in a manner very similar to a bus network, with the same user strategies, only of much higher service.

Expected effect on the bus network: offloading


 

3.12   'Calendar'

No noticeable difference.

 

3.13   'Project cost'

CABLE-A

1_Construction: 120M€

2_Cost/km: 27M€/km

3_Capacity : 2k passengers/h

4_Service, freight: no

5_Ramification : no

6_Extensibility : heavy, costly

 

CarLina

1_Construction: <10M€ 

2_Cost/km: 1 à 2M€/km selon spécificités du terrain.

2_Capacity: 30k passengers/h/direction

3_Service, freight: yes

4_Ramification: yes

5_Extensibility: cheap/simple


Your opinions, comments - your questions

In a spirit of cooperation, your comments are precious to expand our knowledge on transportation needs worldwide, thus our development work to reach an optimal answer.

 

In case this matches your own business, your mission, we are delighted to read your advice.

 

NB. if ever your own territory was to experience transportation issues, we make a point of showing you and working hands-on with you the CarLina network design process, providing you with a quick, accurate view of the very efficient and cheap possible answer. 

 

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